Navajo County, located in the northeastern part of Arizona, is a region rich in history and cultural heritage. Named after the Navajo Nation, the largest Native American tribe in the United States, Navajo County is known for its diverse landscapes, vibrant communities, and significant contributions to Arizona’s development. This report provides a historical overview of Navajo County, tracing its origins, growth, and key events that have shaped its past.
Native American Presence
The area that encompasses Navajo County has been inhabited for thousands of years by Native American tribes, including the Navajo, Hopi, Apache, and Zuni. The Navajo Nation, with its distinct language, culture, and traditions, has a particularly strong presence in the county. The Navajo people have inhabited the region since ancient times and continue to play an integral role in the county’s cultural fabric.
European Exploration and Settlement
European explorers and settlers began to arrive in the region during the 16th century. Spanish expeditions led by Francisco Vázquez de Coronado and Antonio de Espejo explored parts of what is now Navajo County in search of wealth and new territories. However, sustained European settlement did not occur until the 19th century.
Territorial Period and Navajo County Formation
Navajo County was established on March 21, 1895, during Arizona’s territorial period. The county was created from the northeastern part of Apache County and initially included vast areas that later became part of other counties. Holbrook, located along the historic Route 66, became the county seat and remains an important town in the region.
Railroad Development
The arrival of the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad (later the Santa Fe Railroad) in the late 19th century brought significant growth and development to Navajo County. The railroad facilitated the transportation of goods, connected the county with larger markets, and stimulated economic activity. Many towns, including Holbrook, Winslow, and Snowflake, owe their origins to the railroad.
World War II and the Holbrook Ordnance Depot: During World War II, Navajo County played a significant role in the defense efforts of the United States. The Holbrook Ordnance Depot, located near Holbrook, served as a vital storage and supply site for ammunition and explosives. The depot employed thousands of workers, both civilian and military, and contributed to the local economy.
Natural Resources and Tourism
Navajo County is blessed with abundant natural resources and scenic beauty. Petrified Forest National Park, a unique geological wonder, attracts visitors from around the world. The county’s picturesque landscapes, including the Painted Desert, the Mogollon Rim, and the White Mountains, offer opportunities for outdoor recreation, such as hiking, camping, and fishing. Tourism has become an important industry, contributing to the county’s economy.
Navajo County, Arizona, is a region deeply rooted in Native American history and shaped by the influences of European settlement, railroad development, and natural resources. The county’s rich cultural heritage, diverse landscapes, and economic contributions make it a significant part of Arizona’s history. Today, Navajo County stands as a testament to the resilience of its communities and the enduring legacy of its past.