Butte Valley Road

The hottest place on earth, Death Valley National Park is on the order with California and Nevada
The hottest place on earth, Death Valley National Park is on the order with California and Nevada

Butte Valley is a remote and captivating backcountry destination in the southwestern corner of Death Valley National Park, offering a blend of stunning geology, historical mining relics, and rugged off-road adventure. Situated at elevations ranging from about 3,800 to 4,500 feet, the valley is framed by the Panamint Mountains and features dramatic landscapes, including the iconic Striped Butte—a colorful, layered peak rising to 4,744 feet with bands of brown, yellow, orange, blue, and gray metamorphic rock. This area is not accessible by standard vehicles; it’s primarily reached via high-clearance 4×4 roads, making it ideal for experienced off-road enthusiasts rather than casual hikers. While there are no formal maintained trails within the valley itself, visitors often explore on foot once arrived, hiking short distances to viewpoints, cabins, or the butte. As of August 2025, road conditions can vary due to flash floods, erosion, and seasonal weather—always check the latest NPS updates before venturing out, as the park’s extreme heat (summer highs often exceed 120°F) and isolation demand thorough preparation.

Route Description and Access

The most common access to Butte Valley is via the Warm Springs Canyon Road, a challenging backcountry route starting from the Panamint Valley side (near Ballarat or Trona). This unpaved road stretches approximately 15-20 miles from the canyon entrance to the heart of Butte Valley, following a historic mining path past several abandoned talc mines. The drive typically takes 2-4 hours one-way, depending on vehicle speed and stops.

  • Difficulty: Moderate to difficult for off-roading. The road includes steep grades, rocky sections, loose gravel, and potential washouts. High-clearance 4WD is required; aired-down tires and a spare are essential. Novices should avoid it, as recovery in this remote area can be costly and time-consuming.
  • Length and Elevation: About 15 miles from Warm Springs Canyon entrance to Anvil Spring (the valley’s southern hub), with an elevation gain of around 2,000 feet. The road climbs through narrow canyons before opening into the brush-covered valley floor.
  • Alternative Routes: For a more adventurous approach, enter via Mengel Pass from the west (extremely rough, with boulder fields and steep descents) or from the east through Death Valley proper, though these are less direct and often gated or restricted seasonally. Another option is the Striped Butte Valley 4×4 drive, starting from Badwater Road about 25.5 miles south of Badwater Basin, covering similar terrain.
  • Current Conditions (as of Recent Reports): Roads are generally passable for properly equipped vehicles, but monsoon seasons (July-September) can cause flash flooding, leading to temporary closures. Winter may bring snow at higher elevations, while spring wildflowers can enhance the scenery. No recent major incidents reported, but always carry extra water, fuel, and communication devices like a satellite phone, as cell service is nonexistent.

Once in the valley, exploration is flexible. Park at Anvil Spring (a small oasis with limited water—treat before drinking) and hike short, unmaintained paths. A popular informal hike is ascending Striped Butte (1-2 miles round-trip, 500-700 feet elevation gain, Class 2 scrambling), offering panoramic views of the valley and surrounding ranges. Other foot explorations include visiting mining ruins or wandering the valley floor, but stick to established paths to minimize impact on fragile desert ecosystems.

Points of Interest

  • Striped Butte: The valley’s namesake, a striking geological formation created by ancient metamorphic processes. It’s a photographer’s dream and a moderate hike from the valley floor.
  • Geologist’s Cabin: A historic stone structure near Anvil Spring, open for day use (overnight stays require permits). It features a simple interior with a fireplace, tables, and shelves—respect the site and leave no trace.
  • Other Historic Sites: Ruins of talc mines, a three-stamp gold mill northwest of Anvil Spring, and Stella’s Cabin (also known as Greater View Spring Cabin), associated with early prospectors.
  • Natural Features: Sparse vegetation, wildlife like bighorn sheep or desert tortoises, and nearby canyons like Anvil Canyon for side explorations.

Tips for Visitors

  • Permits and Regulations: Free backcountry permits are required for overnight camping; obtain them at visitor centers or online via NPS.gov. No fires allowed; pack out all trash.
  • Safety: Bring at least 1 gallon of water per person per day, sun protection, and emergency supplies. The area is extremely remote—nearest services are over 50 miles away in Furnace Creek.
  • Best Time to Visit: Late fall through early spring to avoid deadly heat. Four-wheel-drive clubs often run group trips for added safety.
  • Environmental Note: Stay on roads to protect cryptobiotic soil; off-road driving is prohibited.

Trail Map

History of Butte Valley

Butte Valley’s human history spans millennia, beginning with Native American groups like the Timbisha Shoshone, who inhabited the broader Death Valley region as early as 1000 CE, using seasonal camps for hunting and gathering. European exploration intensified in the mid-19th century, with the 1849 “Forty-Niners” passing through during the California Gold Rush, though the valley itself saw limited activity until the 1870s.

Mining boomed in the late 1800s, driven by gold and silver discoveries. The Gold Hill mines north of the valley were among the first, recorded in the Cleaveland (later Panamint) Mining District. By 1889, the Butte Valley Mining Company was incorporated with a $300,000 capital stock, focusing on claims in Goler Canyon and nearby areas, including the Queen of Sheba and Belmont mines. Prospectors like J.A. Mack and D.R. Kimball worked rich veins of gold, silver, and tellurium in the 1890s, with placer gold yields reaching $20 per sack. The Anvil Spring area, initially called Anvil Springs and later Striped Butte, hosted up to 30 miners by 1899, with plans for stamp mills that were slow to materialize due to transportation challenges.

The early 1900s saw sporadic activity, with camps supporting companies and individual claims. Key figures emerged in the 1920s-1930s: Carl Mengel, a German prospector, filed claims like Topah and Mah Jongg in 1924 and is buried at Mengel Pass after his 1944 death. Asa “Panamint Russ” Russell built the Geologist’s Cabin in 1930 at Anvil Spring while mining gold near Manly Peak; he also discovered a rich vein with partner Ernie Huhn in 1925, though it was lost. Louise Grantham established a talc mining camp in the 1930s, operating eleven claims with Huhn’s help during World War II. The Western Talc Company employed workers here into the 1930s.

By the mid-20th century, mining waned, with only assessment work by owners like Clinton and Stella Anderson (who acquired Russell’s claims in 1962 and lived at Greater View Spring until the 1970s). The area’s inclusion in Death Valley National Monument (established 1933) shifted focus to preservation, though historical sites remain as testaments to the boom-and-bust era. Today, Butte Valley preserves this legacy amid its geologic wonders, reminding visitors of the hardy souls who sought fortune in one of Earth’s harshest environments.

Trail Canyon Road

Trail Canyon, located in the southern part of Death Valley National Park, is not one of the park’s more famous frontcountry hikes like Golden Canyon or Mosaic Canyon. Instead, it’s primarily a backcountry road that doubles as a rugged hiking and backpacking route, offering a remote, off-the-beaten-path experience through a narrow canyon in the Panamint Range. This area is ideal for those seeking solitude, with opportunities to explore old mining relics, geologic features, and expansive desert views. The route follows Trail Canyon Road, which starts off West Side Road and ascends into the canyon. It’s suitable for day hikes, overnight backpacking, or mountain biking, but requires preparation due to its isolation and rough terrain. Note that while it’s called a “road,” it’s often impassable for standard vehicles beyond the first few miles, making it effectively a trail for foot travel.

Key Trail Statistics

AspectDetails
LengthApproximately 8 miles one-way (16 miles round-trip if hiking the full road); shorter out-and-back options available (e.g., 4-6 miles for a day hike to mining sites).
Elevation GainAbout 1,500-2,000 feet, starting at around 200 feet below sea level and climbing uphill into the canyon.
DifficultyModerate to strenuous for hiking; very difficult for biking. The terrain includes rocky spots, washouts, and steep inclines. 4×4 high-clearance vehicles are required for driving beyond mile 4, but hiking is recommended to avoid vehicle damage.
Time Required4-8 hours for a full round-trip day hike; 1-2 days for backpacking with side explorations.
Best Time to VisitLate fall to early spring (October-April) to avoid extreme heat; summer temperatures can exceed 120°F (49°C), making it dangerous.
AccessStart from West Side Road (accessible via Badwater Road). The junction is unmarked, so use a GPS or detailed map. No permit required for day hikes, but free backcountry permits are needed for overnight stays (available at visitor centers or online). Wild camping is allowed 1 mile off West Side Road in the canyon branches.
Water and AmenitiesNo water sources; carry at least 1 gallon per person per day. No facilities at the trailhead—nearest restrooms and water at Furnace Creek (about 20 miles away).

Trail Map

What to Expect on the Hike

The route begins on a relatively flat, gravelly road off West Side Road, winding through alluvial fans before entering the narrowing canyon. Early sections are drivable with caution in a high-clearance vehicle, but after about 4 miles, it becomes too rocky and eroded for most cars, transitioning into a hiking path. You’ll encounter loose gravel, boulder-strewn washes, and occasional steep scrambles. The scenery features colorful badlands, layered geologic formations (including fossil-bearing rocks from ancient seas), and views of the valley floor below. Wildlife sightings might include bighorn sheep, coyotes, or desert tortoises, but encounters are rare due to low visitor traffic.

Highlights include remnants of historic mining operations, such as old tunnels, cabins, and equipment from the early 1900s gold and antimony mines (more on this in the history section below). Side canyons branch off for exploration, like the South Fork where the Old Dependable Mine is located. The upper reaches offer panoramic vistas of Death Valley and the surrounding mountains. For backpackers, dispersed camping spots are plentiful in the canyon’s forks, providing starry night skies and profound silence.

Current Conditions (as of August 2025)

Based on recent reports, Trail Canyon Road is open and passable for hiking, following repairs after past flash floods. West Side Road, the access route, was reopened in 2024 up to the Trail Canyon Junction after storm damage. Conditions can change rapidly due to weather—flash floods are a risk during monsoons (July-September), creating washouts and mud. Recent visitor feedback notes some rutted sections and loose rocks, but no major obstacles for foot traffic. Always check the NPS website for updates before heading out, as roads in Death Valley are prone to closure. Carry extra water, sun protection, and navigation tools, as cell service is nonexistent. Flat tires are common on the approach roads, so be prepared for self-rescue.

This trail is low-use, making it a peaceful escape from crowded spots like Badwater Basin. However, its remoteness means help is far away—hike with a partner and inform someone of your plans.

History of the Region

History of Trail Canyon

Trail Canyon’s human history is deeply tied to mining, reflecting the broader boom-and-bust cycles of the American West. The earliest activity dates to around 1906-1907, coinciding with gold rushes in nearby areas like Harrisburg and Skidoo. At least three companies operated here: the Death Valley Wonder Mining & Milling Company (incorporated in 1906, with claims assaying up to $85 per ton in gold and silver), the Wild Rose Mining Company (active by 1906, sold for $300,000 in 1907), and the Trail Canyon Mining Company (incorporated in 1906 but failed due to the 1907 stock market crash). These operations involved tunnels, crosscuts, and small crews, but many folded amid economic downturns and challenging logistics.

By the 1930s-1940s, focus shifted to antimony at the Old Dependable Mine in the South Fork, producing over 2 million pounds, mostly during World Wars I and II for alloys in munitions. Operator Brinn W. Belyea invested heavily in infrastructure, employing up to 18 men, but production halted postwar due to market slumps and remote access. Tungsten mining surged during World War II and the 1950s, with sites like the Sheepshead-Victory Group and Tarantula Mine (later Broken Pick Mine) yielding high-grade ore. The 1950s saw a flurry of claims, road building, and camps, but by the 1970s, activity dwindled as ore bodies depleted. Today, remnants like corrugated metal cabins and adits dot the landscape, preserved as cultural resources within the park.

Geologically, the area holds fossils (e.g., crinoids and gastropods) from ancient marine environments, adding to its scientific value.

Broader History of Death Valley National Park

Death Valley’s history spans millennia, beginning with Indigenous peoples. The Timbisha Shoshone have inhabited the region for over 1,000 years, using the harsh landscape for hunting, gathering, and seasonal migrations. Their homeland was subsumed into park boundaries in 1933, but they gained federal recognition and land rights in later decades.

European-American contact began dramatically in 1849 when a group of gold rush pioneers, known as the “Jayhawkers” or “Lost ’49ers,” became trapped while seeking a shortcut from Utah to California. One member’s dying words reportedly named it “Death Valley,” though most survived after escaping via Wingate Pass. This event sparked interest in the area.

Mining booms followed: borax in the 1880s (famous “20-Mule Teams”), gold and silver in the early 1900s (towns like Rhyolite and Skidoo), and later talc, lead, and tungsten. Tourism emerged in the 1920s with resorts like the Furnace Creek Inn. President Herbert Hoover designated it a national monument in 1933 to protect it from unchecked mining, with significant development by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) in the 1930s, building roads and facilities. It expanded and became a national park in 1994 under the California Desert Protection Act, now encompassing over 3.4 million acres—the largest national park in the contiguous U.S.

Today, Death Valley is renowned for extremes: the lowest point in North America (Badwater Basin at -282 feet), hottest recorded temperatures (134°F in 1913), and diverse geology from ancient faults to salt flats. It draws over a million visitors annually for its stark beauty and historical sites, while ongoing challenges include climate change, flash floods, and preserving cultural heritage.

Indian Ranch Road

The hottest place on earth, Death Valley National Park is on the order with California and Nevada
The hottest place on earth, Death Valley National Park is on the order with California and Nevada

Indian Ranch Road is a scenic, graded dirt road located in the Panamint Valley within the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) lands adjacent to Death Valley National Park, serving as a vital gateway to the western foothills of the Panamint Mountains. This approximately 12-15 mile route (depending on extensions into side canyons) runs north-south from near the intersection of Panamint Valley Road and Trona-Wildrose Road, passing by the historic Ballarat Ghost Town and skirting the base of the rugged Panamint Range, offering stunning views of arid desert landscapes, colorful canyons, and distant peaks like Telescope Peak. It’s primarily a driving trail suitable for high-clearance vehicles, with some sections requiring 4×4 capabilities due to loose gravel, washouts, and occasional storm damage; hiking or off-road exploration is common in connecting canyons like Surprise and Jail.

Current Conditions (as of Latest Available Data, August 2025)

Based on reports up to 2024, the road is generally well-maintained as a graded gravel path but can become rougher toward the northern end, with potential for erosion from monsoon rains or winter storms making it impassable for low-clearance vehicles. Expect dry, dusty conditions in summer with extreme heat (often exceeding 100°F/38°C), while winter may bring cooler temperatures and rare snow at higher elevations. No recent major closures have been noted, but always check BLM or NPS updates for flash flood risks; a Campfire Permit is required for any open flames, and dispersed camping is allowed on BLM land west of the road until Happy Canyon Road. Water sources are scarce—carry ample supplies—and watch for wildlife like bighorn sheep or burros. As of early 2024, the road was navigable with high-clearance vehicles, but adjacent trails like Surprise Canyon Road (BLM Route P71) are rocky and demand 4×4.

Trail Description and Difficulty

Starting from Ballarat Ghost Town (about 3.5 miles north of Wingate Road on Panamint Valley Road), head north on Indian Ranch Road for a mostly flat to gently undulating drive along the valley floor, gaining minimal elevation (around 1,500-2,000 feet base). The main route is easy to moderate for experienced off-road drivers, taking 1-2 hours one-way, but side trips into canyons add challenge—e.g., turning east onto Surprise Canyon Road after ~2 miles leads to a steep, boulder-strewn path requiring advanced 4×4 skills and potentially hiking beyond vehicle barriers. Further north, at ~7.8 miles, Jail Canyon branches east for a colorful 4WD route to mining ruins, while the road continues to points like Indian George’s historic ranch site around 11 miles north. No permits are needed for the road itself, but respect private property signs near ranches and adhere to Leave No Trace principles.

Points of Interest

  • Ballarat Ghost Town: At the southern start, explore ruins of this 1897 mining camp, including adobe buildings, old vehicles, and a cemetery— a remnant of the late-19th-century gold rush.
  • Surprise Canyon Wilderness: Access via a short detour; hike the lush, water-fed canyon for riparian oases, waterfalls, rare Panamint daisies, and bighorn sheep sightings, leading to Panamint City ghost town ruins at ~6,500 feet.
  • Jail Canyon: A scenic 4WD side trail to a preserved mining camp and mill, with vibrant rock formations.
  • Indian George Hansen’s Ranch Site: Near the northern reaches, remnants of the Shoshone guide’s homestead, known for its spring water and role in supporting early travelers.
  • Panoramic views of the Panamint Mountains, with opportunities for stargazing in this dark-sky area.

Trail Map

Historical Contributions to the Panamint Mountains

Indian Ranch Road has played a pivotal role in the history of the Panamint Mountains by following ancient Native American paths and facilitating the 19th-century mining boom that defined the region. Named likely after Shoshone ranches like that of Indian George Hansen—a legendary guide who discovered silver in Surprise Canyon around the 1870s, sparking the founding of Panamint City—the road connected isolated valleys to bustling silver camps. Shoshone families, including Hungry Bill (born ~1839-1848) and his brother Panamint Tom, established ranches in nearby Johnson and Anvil Canyons from the 1870s onward, cultivating crops like corn, potatoes, watermelons, and fruit orchards under crude irrigation to supply miners in Panamint City and Ballarat. These ranches, such as Hungry Bill’s at ~5,000 feet in Johnson Canyon, represented seasonal Shoshone habitation and adaptation, providing fresh produce amid the desert’s harshness and bridging Native and settler economies during the silver rush of 1873-1875. The road’s alignment along routes like Johnson Canyon—a direct trail from Death Valley to Panamint City via Panamint Pass—enabled transportation of goods, mining equipment, and people, supporting boom towns like Panamint City (founded by outlaws in 1873) and contributing to the area’s economic surge before its bust in the late 1870s. Indian George, who lived to ~107 (dying in 1944), not only aided in silver discoveries but also healed locals with traditional remedies and negotiated water rights, embodying cultural resilience. Today, the road preserves access to these sites, highlighting the intertwined histories of Indigenous stewardship, mining exploitation, and environmental adaptation in the Panamint Mountains, with areas like Hungry Bill’s Ranch eligible for National Register status as historic districts.

Airport Campground

Canyonlands National Park is located in the south eastern corner of the state of Utah
Canyonlands National Park is located in the south eastern corner of the state of Utah

Located in the heart of Canyonlands National Park’s Island in the Sky district, the Airport Campground is a remote backcountry camping area along the White Rim Trail, ideal for adventurers seeking solitude and stunning desert scenery. The campground consists of four designated sites (Airport A, B, C, and D), each accommodating up to three vehicles and 15 people, though sites are designed to be out of sight and earshot of each other for privacy. Situated at approximately 4,516 feet elevation, the campground offers expansive, open views of the surrounding red rock canyons, mesas, and buttes, with landmarks like Airport Tower visible nearby.

The sites are primitive, with no potable water, shade, or wind shelter, so campers must pack in all water (recommended 1 gallon/4 liters per person per day) and supplies. Each pair of sites (A and B, C and D) shares a vault toilet, though reviews note that toilets can be odorous. The ground is rocky and packed dirt, suitable for tents, but securing them can be challenging due to the terrain. The campground’s proximity to the Lathrop Canyon spur (0.8 miles east) provides road access to the Colorado River (3.5 miles away), though there’s no direct river access from the sites. A notable feature is the excellent stargazing due to the remote location and minimal light pollution, with one camper describing it as feeling like “being on Mars.” Access requires a high-clearance 4×4 vehicle, as the rough roads are not suitable for standard vehicles or large trucks with campers (e.g., a Ford 350 or Dodge 2500 with a big camper may face clearance issues). Permits are required for overnight stays and are highly competitive, especially in spring and fall, costing $36 for a reservation fee plus $5 per person per night.

White Rim Trail

The White Rim Trail is a renowned 100-mile loop through Canyonlands National Park’s Island in the Sky district, offering a bucket-list adventure for overlanders, mountain bikers, and 4×4 enthusiasts. This rugged, high-clearance 4×4 route circumnavigates the Island in the Sky mesa, winding along the “white rim” ledge between the mesa top and the Green and Colorado Rivers below. The trail showcases breathtaking vistas of red rock canyons, towering buttes (like Airport Tower, Monster Tower, and Junction Butte), and the rivers’ confluence, rivaling views from the Grand Canyon’s South Rim. Key highlights include Gooseneck Overlook, Musselman Arch, White Crack (with views of the Maze and Needles districts), and Murphy Hogback, which offers 360-degree panoramas.

The trail features a mix of wide dirt roads, sandy patches, and technical jeep trails with some cliff exposure, particularly at Shafer Trail, Lathrop Canyon Road, Murphy Hogback, Hardscrabble Hill, and Mineral Bottom switchbacks. It’s moderately difficult for vehicles and challenging for mountain bikes, with an elevation gain of approximately 9,160 feet. The route can be driven clockwise (starting at Shafer Trail) or counterclockwise (starting at Mineral Bottom Road), typically taking 2-3 days to complete, though hardcore cyclists may attempt it in one day. Permits are required for both day-use and overnight trips, with 20 designated campsites across 10 camping areas, including Airport Campground. No potable water is available, and high water on the Green River (May-June) can flood western sections, making a full loop impossible. The best seasons are spring (March-May) and fall (September-November) due to milder temperatures and more predictable weather, as summer is extremely hot and winter may bring closures.

The Kansas City Journal, Sunday February 17, 1895

The Kansas City Journal, Sunday February 17, 1895 outlines the initial legend of the Lost Dutchman Gold Mine.
The Kansas City Journal, Sunday February 17, 1895 outlines the initial legend of the Lost Dutchman Gold Mine.

The Kansas City Journal, Sunday February 17, 1895 outlines the initial legend of the Lost Dutchman Gold Mine of Jacob Waltz. This version of the origin story has Jacob Waltz purchasing the mine from the Peralta Family. Allegedly, he concealed the mine for fears of retaliation after he killed six Mexican miners on his initial journey to the mine.

A LOST EL DORADO.

A MINE IN THE SUPERSTITION MOUNTAINS OF COLORADO

The Half-told Tale of an Old Miser Afraid to Return to the Source of His Mysteriously Gotten Wealth

That there exists an undiscovered gold mine of fabulous wealth near a point In the Superstition mountains not more than fifty miles from Phoenix: has long been an article faith among a number of mining men In a position to rift the mass of accumulated during the put (unity jean. The fact and individual statements, although emanating from widely diverse sources and furnished by persons who could hao had no possible communication with one another, all agree In n remarkable in inner as to the description of the mine, and, what Is still more convincing, are unanimous In Indicating in particular quarter of the mountains In question as the place of Its location.

Years ago Indians boasted to the early settlers – notably to the discoverers of the celebrated Antelope diggings – of the wonderful wealth of this deposit, and even pointed out vaguely the direction In which It lay Plmas, Marlcopas, Apaches- all claim a knowledge of it, though nothing can even tempt one of them to disclose Its exact whereabouts. Mexicans- even Mexicans of mean equipped with elaborate maps of the mysterious region, had more than once made journeys from Sonora in the hope of enriching themselves at this storied Ophlr. They even name fortunate countrymen of theirs who in former years, running the gauntlet of Gringo and Apache, have surreptitiously worked the mine for a few weeks at a time and returned to the land of Mannna with gold laden burros. Lacking citizenship to enable them to claim the mine, they meretly helped themselves hurriedly to what they could get and departed, after covering all traces of their work.

The district designated Is not extensive. It lies within an Imaginary circle whoso diameter Is not more than five miles and whose center Is marked by the Weaver’s Needle, a prominent and fantastic pinnacle of volcanic tufa that rises to a height of 2,500 feet among a confusion of lesser peaks and mountainous mases of basaltic rock Ono can reach Its base only after struggling through a network of bowlder choked canyons and well nigh Impregnable thickets. In Its weird loneliness it scorns an Index finger marking the location of some hidden my story. Owing to Its resemblance, from one point of view, to a pointed sombrero, says a Phoenix correspondent of the San Francisco Chronicle, the Mexicans and Indians call It Sombrero butte, or rather El Sombrero, and It Is the landmark around which cluster all the tales of treasure referred to, whether Indian, Mexican or frontiersman. Americans have given It the name of Weaver’s Needle, in memory of old Paullne Weaver, the well known trapper and pioneer of the Southwest.

In regard to the mine, It cannot be doubted, in the face of the conclusive evidence adduced, that It really has an existence; though in view of the numerous and unavailing efforts to discover It, made during a period of years. It seems more than likely that It has been forever hidden by some landslide or cloudburst, or perhaps by the earthquake that gave thl3 range a severe shaking up In 1887.

During the past year all the old stories have been revived and a new impetus has been given to the search, which has been
conducted spasmodically ever since the settlement of the territory, by reason of the deathbed disclosures of an old Ger-mi- n, who, In his last hours, confided to the woman nursing him how he and a partner worked that very mine In 18933,
until the latter was killed by Apaches.

Jacob Waltz, for thus he signed his name, though he was better known as ‘ Old Dutch Yoccub” to the few with whom he came In contact, had taken a fancy to the woman, who had, in fact, taken care of him during the last few 5 years of his helpless life, and had given her gold nuggets on several occasions. He had been a resident of the territory for thirty years and had lived for twenty
years of this time on a little ranch near Phoenix, where ho had a small ‘vineyard and orchard He was morose, miserly and uncommunicative, avoiding contact with men, and was always suspected of having a burled treasure, for he was known to have sold gold nuggets at different times, though he never went out In the mountains. It was only when he was convinced that he had to let go of life that he endeavored to inform the woman his only friend how to go to the mine, and also. It appears, to divulge the hiding place of his burled treasure. But he had cultivated the habit of reluctance and secretiveness too long, and death overtook him, even while he was struggling to make himself Intelligible.

Of course, his beneficiary lost no time after the funeral in turning over with the shovel every foot of the old man’s little piece of property which, by the way, he left to her by will but there are those who have shrewd suspicions that the treasure was found by another. The only gold found on the place was a few particles remaining in the seams of four buckskin sacks unearthed from the bottom of “Old Yoccup’s” trunk. His directions, too, in regard to finding the mine were at fault, or else (which Is probable, his hearer being a woman and relying entirely on her memory ) she got them mixed. She made several trips to the supposed locality, taking with her experienced prospectors, but all to no purpose, finally the made the story public, and since then scores of prospectors have scoured the “suspected district” In vain.

Hero Is a short outline of “Old Yoccup’s” story as told by himself and repeated by his only hearer: At the beginning of the civil war, being at that time in Arizona, he went over Into Sonora to avoid military duty, and there made the acquaintance of the Peralta family, with whom he became quite Intimate. Speaking of Arizona, they told him that they owned a largo grant in that country, which, however, being nothing but a desert, was valueless, except for a rich gold mine from which they had drawn “poll wealth. They had worked It in the forties, sending up a band of trusty peons, who always returned, in a few months’ time, their burrows loaded with the precious yellow metal, which was obtained without mill or machinery of any kind. All that was needed was a hammer to break It out of the quartz. ,

Believing that they had lost the title to their grant, as a result of the Mexican war, the Peralta’s sold to “Old Yoccup” for a trifle the Information necessary to enable him to And the mine, and their description of Its glittering wealth was sufficient to start him at or back to Arizona. At Tucson he picked up a partner in the shape of another German, also named Jacob, and together they set out for the Superstition mountains, which, even at that early day, enjoyed the uncanny reputation indicated by their name. Arriving at the Initial point mentioned in Peralta’s Instructions “the first gorge on the south side, from the west end of the range” they found, as he had told them, a monumented trail which led them “northward over a lofty ridge; thence downward past Sombrero butte Into a long canyon running north, and finally to a tributary canyon very “deep and rocky, and densely wooded with a continuous thicket of scrub oak.”

Here the woman Is at fault, She has forgotten whether the canyon enters from the east or west. Proceeding up this canyon with difficulty, they were startled by a repeated knocking a short distance ahead, as of some ono breaking rock, and with rifles ready for instant use they advanced with caution. Presently, on the steep slope about 100 feet above them they spled two Indians busy breaking rock. This was evidently the much desired mine; and If so, it was no time, for trifling. They did not propose to be balked of a fortune now almost In their hands by a naked Indlan or two. Each picked his man, and, taking careful aim, they dropped the interlopers in their tracks. The smoke had hardly cleared away when they were horrified see two more Indians, who appeared to come out of the earth. They began to fear that they had got Into a hornet’s nest, but they were In It for It now, and without more ado they dispatched these two by the same road as the others. Then two more jumped up and began running up the hill, endeavoring to hide themselves in the brush. By good luck they dropped these also, and as no more of them appeared after they remained concealed a reasonable time the Germans climbed up the dump of the shaft for such they found It to be congratulating themselves that the golden treasure was theirs at last.

On examination of the bodies of the supposed Indians their exultation changed to horror. The men were Mexican- naked, it Is true, but that Is the way the Mexican miners prefer to work underground They had murdered six men In cold blood! The unfortunates were doubtless some of the Peralta peons, who had been working the mine on their own account, They probably
had friends, who, on their failure to return, would come In search of them, and the matter would end In the arrest and conviction of the two Germans.

At any rale, this Is what “Old Yoccup” and his partner thought, and on that account they feared it would not be safe to
claim the mine and work it openly. They planned, therefore, to get what gold they could in week or two of work, and then, after covering the mine, leave the country to return at some future time.

Their first care was to go back along the trail and throw down all the monuments that had made It so easy for them to reach
the spot. The bodies they threw Into the shaft, for they had found a rich cropping of the auriferous quartz lower down the bank where there was more gold than quartz.

The shaft, It appears is about sevens-five feet deep, and made in Mexican style, with flaring wall, rendering ladders unnecessary. After two weeks of work “Old Yoccob” had to make a trip to Florence for supplies. It was a three days’ journey. On his return he found his partner lying dead killed by Apaches. After that he was afraid to stay there alone, but before leaving the spot he
dragged his partner’s body Into the tunnel they had made, which he then walled up and covered over. The shaft, he
thought, was not likely to be discovered, as It was high above the gulch and pretty well concealed by the brush.

There arc those that believe that “Old Yoccup” murdered his partner after they had worked together covering up the
mine, as they had planned. However this may be, certain it Is that the old man never profiled by his gold. His superstitious fears always prevented him from returning to the spot. No doubt he believed it to be haunted, and it was so, for him. For the remainder of his life he was a morbid, fearful and broken-down old man, afraid to look his fellow man in the eye, and not even daring to enjoy his wealth. It was believed by his neighbors that he saw ghosts, and persons passing his cabin frequently heard his voice in tones of fear and supplication as though he were addressing some menacing presence. He never told the woman who cared for him toward the last gold he had brought away from the mine, but whether it was $10,000, or $50,OOO, as some suppose, the amount must be still nearly Intact, as he was never known to spend any money. He gave her at one time $5,000 to raise a mortgage, and at other times nuggets amounting in all to about $15,000. But that there Is more of it somewhere is proved by the
fact that he was In the act of telling her where to find It when death overtook him.

It Is a curious fact that the Indians describe just such a mine, with a tunnel and shaft. In that same vicinity, with Sombrero butte ni a landmark; and they also say that the tunnel has been walled up and covered over. This Is also the description of It given by the Mexicans, who have come In search of It at different times. The great clue from which all the search Is now being made Is a rock cabin In a cave, which, according to “Old Yoccup’- story, lay directly across the canyon from the mine, and not more than 200 feet from It. It was here that the two Germans lived while they worked the mine.

It Is a coincidence that the writer succeeded In finding a rock cabin in a cave, very near the region referred to; but It
was the work of the cliff dwellers, and, besides, there was no mine on the opposite side of the canyon.

References