Tag: California

Schwab, also spelled Schwaub, was a short-lived gold mining camp and ghost town in Inyo County, California, situated in the Funeral Mountains on the eastern edge of Death Valley. Located approximately 12 miles north of Ryan at an elevation of 3,389 feet (1,033 m), the townsite lies in Echo Canyon within the Echo-Lee Mining District. Today, it is a largely abandoned site within or near Death Valley National Park, accessible via desert roads best traveled in winter. Little remains beyond scattered ruins, leveled tent sites, piles of rusted tin cans, broken glass, and remnants of the nearby Stray Horse (or Inyo) Mine.

Founding and Early Development (1905–1906)

The town originated during the intense mining boom that swept the Death Valley region following the 1904 gold strike at Rhyolite, Nevada. Prospectors fanned out in search of extensions of the rich Bullfrog District deposits, including rumored lost mines like the Breyfogle. In January 1905, Mormon prospectors Chet Leavitt and Moroni Hicks discovered a promising quartz ledge known as the Stray Horse in Echo Canyon on the west side of the Funeral Range. Initial assays were disappointing, but a richer vein higher up led them to stake over 20 claims, including the Inyo Mine. They formed the Inyo Gold Mining Company with investors from Provo, Utah.

By late 1905—around Christmas—the townsite began to take shape down Echo Canyon. It was named Schwab in honor of Charles M. Schwab, the prominent American steel magnate (not to be confused with the later financier Charles R. Schwab). Schwab had invested heavily in regional mining ventures, including the nearby Skibo Mining Company (named after his Scottish castle) and claims resembling Rhyolite’s lucrative Montgomery-Shoshone Mine. The townsite was laid out just below the Skibo mine to support workers. Construction accelerated in early 1907, with supplies—including five boxcars of tents and equipment—shipped by rail to the area. A post office opened on March 18, 1907, with Eugene P. Houtz as postmaster (it closed permanently on August 15, 1907).

At its peak, Schwab supported a modest population of around 200 people. It featured basic services: a blacksmith shop, boarding house, general store, bakery, restaurant, and at least one saloon (housed in a tent). Infrastructure included a telephone line connected to Rhyolite via the Lee and Echo camps and a daily stage line. The Echo Miners Union provided some labor organization. The nearby Stray Horse/Inyo Mine served as the economic anchor, though the town primarily functioned as a supply and housing hub for the broader Echo-Lee District.

Unique Governance: The “Women of Schwab” (1907)

One of the most distinctive aspects of Schwab was its ownership and promotion by women—an unusual occurrence in the rough-and-tumble mining camps of the American West. The townsite company was taken over by three women: Gertrude Fesler (a young stockbroker from Chicago who had moved to Rhyolite to broker mining deals), Mrs. F.W. Dunn (of San Bernardino, who received her husband’s interest), and Helen H. Black (who bought out her husband’s share). They marketed the camp with promotional materials proclaiming it “A Mining Camp Built by Ladies: One of the Most Unique Wonders of the New West.” Contemporary newspapers, such as The Bullfrog Miner (March 1907) and Death Valley Chuck-Walla (June 1907), highlighted the novelty of women running a mining town, noting details like the owners drinking afternoon tea in the main tent.

The women reportedly enforced a “respectable” moral code, driving out saloons, gambling, and prostitution. Some contemporary and later accounts (including historian Lingenfelter) suggested this “dry” policy caused most of the male population to leave, accelerating the town’s collapse. However, archaeological evidence—such as beer and wine bottles, champagne bottle caps (agraffes), and dumps near the main tent—indicates that drinking persisted to some degree. Historians now emphasize that economic and logistical factors were the primary drivers of decline, not moral reforms.

Decline and Abandonment (1907 Onward)

Schwab’s boom was brief and fragile, mirroring the fate of many Death Valley mining camps. The Financial Panic of 1907 devastated regional mining investments, including those tied to Charles M. Schwab. Ore quality proved inconsistent, and Schwab’s location was disadvantaged: it depended on the more accessible Lee Camp for shipments, assays, and transport, with no direct route for miners. Most operations in the Echo-Lee District shut down, except for Lee Camp itself (which benefited from rail access). By August 1907, the post office closed, businesses folded, and the town rapidly emptied. Supplies were hauled away, leaving behind tent bases, wooden cellars, and debris.

The Inyo Gold Mining Company continued intermittent operations at the mine into the 1920s–1940s, but the townsite itself was abandoned within a year of its founding. Some later activity occurred after 1928, but Schwab never revived as a community.

Legacy and Current Status

Today, Schwab is a classic California ghost town with minimal visible structures—primarily scattered ruins, mine tailings, and historical debris in Echo Canyon. The Stray Horse/Inyo Mine workings remain, though they are often confused with the townsite itself. Two wooden crosses mark possible graves, one labeled “A Death Valley Victim – 1907.” The site offers a glimpse into the fleeting 1905–1907 mining excitement in Death Valley and stands as a reminder of the boom-and-bust cycle driven by speculation, distant capital (like Schwab’s investments), and harsh desert conditions.

Schwab’s story highlights the role of women in Western mining towns, the broader Death Valley gold rush, and the economic vulnerabilities of early 20th-century prospecting. It remains a point of interest for hikers, historians, and visitors to Death Valley National Park, though it lacks the dramatic intact buildings of better-known sites like Bodie or Rhyolite.

The town of Schwab is situated just below the Inyo and Skibo camps at the junction of the wagon roads leading up the east arm of Echo canyon and to Death Valley on the south. In other words, Schwab is located in the north or upper branch of Echo Canyon, astride the main Echo-Lee wagon road, across a small ridge from the present Inyo ruins, and about 1-1/2 miles from those ruins. At this location, evidence of the old townsite may be found.

The remains consist of seven leveled tent sites, some with ow and crude stone retaining walls remaining. More tent sites were once present, but have been erased by high water in the adjacent wash during Death Valley’s infrequent but violent flash floods. Two of the tent sites have eroded cellars behind them, about ten feet square and five feet deep. Since an immense pile of broken 1900 to 1910-dated beer bottles is located directly behind one of these tent-cellar sites, it is safe to say that this was the tent saloon, where once twenty-nine men were counted drinking at one time. The townsite covers several hundred feet along the-shallow wash which marks the northern branch of Echo Canyon, and remains are mostly restricted to the west side of that wash On the east side, however, is another tent location, and a shallow, unmarked grave, a lonely monument to one prospector who ended his days during the brief life of Schwab. About 300 yards to the west of the townsite is a crude derrick, the remains of Schwab’s well. The well site is dry and completely filled in, but numerous five gallon cans are scattered along the trail from the well to the townsite.

Rhyolite Herald of 22 February 1907.

Town Summary

Schwab Map

References

• city-data.com
• mindat.org
• Findagrave.com